A hybrid axisymmetric conservative phase-field lattice Boltzmann method for hollow droplet migration

A hybrid axisymmetric conservative phase-field lattice Boltzmann method is applied to investigate the influence of Marangoni number ( Ma ), density ratio ρ r and radius R ) on thermocapillary migration a deformable hollow droplet with difference in variable fluid properties, where (radius) part droplet. The isotherms show that heat transfer around changed from conduction convection increase . However, temperature gradient across decreases , which induces small magnitude velocity. When increased, are accumulated front large gradient, enhances migration, while velocity decreased It observed finally becomes pure aforementioned parameters, it experiences interface breaking coalescing, causes transient variation this not obviously affected by but significantly measured evolution d (the dimensionless distance between inner outer fronts droplet) demonstrates has significant reduction rate comparison Similar influences relative inside sealed observed.